Modi’s options for Jammu & Kashmir’s economy are limited

Bloomberg

Prime Minister Narendra Modi says his move to revoke Kashmir’s autonomy is about boosting its economy. But observers say it will take more than rhetoric to bring in investments and ensure jobs in the territory that’s lost more than 42,000 lives to conflict over the last three decades.
The state’s economy, dependent mostly on farming, handicrafts and tourism, may take years to recover from Modi’s sudden decision to scrap autonomy, with the cycle of peoples’ protests and the state’s moves to curb them expected to remain the main focus.
“Investment is unlikely to be forthcoming as long as the state is consumed with violence, or the threat of violence,” said Katharine Adeney, director of the University of Nottingham Asia Research Institute. The manner in which the government imposed changes in India’s only Muslim-majority state “will not allow normal political processes to operate in the area for some time,” she said.
The surprise move to scrap autonomy and demote Jammu & Kashmir to a union territory was announced at the end of the parliament session after imposing movement restrictions, cutting telephone and Internet connectivity, evacuating tourists and Hindu pilgrims, and arresting local political leaders. Even without the threat of escalation of border tensions with rival Pakistan — which provides moral support to separatists in the state, has fought wars with India over Kashmir and has tried to garner international opposition to the move — the decision is unlikely to reassure investors.

Building Anger
“Everything hangs on what happens over the next year and how people handle it. There will be a lot of anger,” said Laveesh Kumar Bhandari, chief economist at Delhi-based Indicus Foundation. “Kashmir can’t have barbed-wire tourism. And private sector investment can’t come in if law and order remains a concern.”
The pressures of trying to suppress protests may mean more troops in the picturesque valley, where tourist numbers had already fallen by 41.5 percent in the five years since 2012.
Although Kashmir’s poverty levels are half the national average, per capita income at $1,333 was lower than the national average of $1,778.
Modi should now focus on delivering welfare programmes in the state to win people’s confidence in the hope of bringing in investments, Bhandari said.
Yet, Kashmir may test his government’s policy making amid growing signs that the larger Indian economy is slowng with jobless numbers at a 45-year high.
Kashmir received only 390 million rupees ($5.5 million) in foreign direct investments between April 2000 to March 2019, the lowest among Indian states, according to trade ministry data.
Agriculture, a key contributor to its economy, has been steadily declining and industrial growth has been stagnant, contributing to vanishing jobs, slowing income and lackluster expansion of the state’s $15.3 billion economy.
One of the most-prominent changes made to Kashmir’s constitutional status has been permission for other Indians to own property in the region.