China considers ending birth limits as soon as this year

Bloomberg

China is planning to scrap all limits on the number of children a family can have, according to people familiar with the matter, in what would be a historic end to a policy that spurred countless human-rights abuses and left the world’s second-largest economy short of workers.
The State Council, China’s cabinet, has commissioned research on the repercussions of ending the country’s roughly four-decade-old policy and intends to enact the change nationwide, said the people, who asked not to be named while discussing government deliberations.
The leadership wants to reduce the pace of aging in China’s population and remove a source of international criticism, one of the people said.
Proposals under discussion would replace the population-control policy with one called “independent fertility,” allowing people to decide how many children to have, the person said. The decision could be made as soon as the fourth quarter, the second person said, adding that the announcement might also be pushed into 2019.
Danone, which has doubled its share of China’s baby food market in the past five years, rose to a session high in Paris before paring gains. Reckitt Benckiser shares erased declines in London. The policy change would close the book on one of the largest social experiments in human history, which left the world’s most-populous country with a rapidly aging population and 30 million more men than women.

Two-Child Policy
The US and other Western nations have criticised the coercive measures required to enforce the birth limits, including steep fines, sterilisation and forced abortions. The 2015 shift toward a two-child policy was part of a gradual effort to loosen the birth limits over the years as China’s working-age population began to wane.
An initial feasibility study was submitted to Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in April, according to one of the people familiar with the discussions. That study found there would be “limited” benefits to lifting birth restrictions nationwide. Li requested more research on the social impact of scrapping the policy altogether, the person said.
Neither the State Council Information Office nor the National Health Commission immediately returned faxed requests for comment Monday.
The move underscores growing concern among Chinese policy makers that more dramatic action is needed three years after allowing all families to have two children instead of one.
Births fell 3.5 percent to 17.2 million nationwide last year, according to the Bureau of National Statistics, erasing almost half of the increase in births caused by relaxing the policy.
China’s graying society will have broad consequences for the nation and the world, weighing on President Xi Jinping’s effort to develop the economy, driving up pension and healthcare costs, and sending foreign companies further afield for labour. The State Council last year projected that about a quarter of China’s population will be 60 or older by 2030, up from 13 percent in 2010.
“The low birth rate and low number of newborns from the previous two years after the two-child policy sent a strong message to the decision-makers that the young generation has a weak willingness to have more children,” said Chen Jian, a former
division chief at the National Family Planning Commission, who’s now a vice president of the China Society of Economic Reform.
“China’s population issues will be a major hurdle for President Xi Jinping’s vision of building a modernised country by 2035.”
In March, China removed the term “family planning” from the name of the newly consolidated National Health Commission — the first time since 1981 that no agency bears the name. Xi and Li also omitted any reference to the phrase from key policy reports in recent months.