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By acquiescing to Turkey’s invasion of northeastern Syria, President Trump has opened the door to what could become a genuine nightmare for the United States and its allies: the revival of the deadly terrorist organisation that called itself the IS.
The danger lies not simply in the group’s sleeper cells that are still active — and that detonated three suicide bombs in the terrorists’ former capital of Raqqa. The larger risk comes from about 11,000 IS extremists who have been detained by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), the Kurdish-led militia that Trump is abandoning, and who may now try to flee.
As the SDF mobilises to combat the Turks, security at nearly 20 makeshift prisons is likely to deteriorate, US officials said. The US military has said that it won’t take control, nor will European allies. Turkey’s claim that it can police the camps is hollow, given that many of these terrorists arrived in Syria after passing through Turkey.
The cascade of bad events could get worse if action isn’t taken quickly. US officials fear that as security deteriorates, UN relief agencies may abandon control of a camp called Al Hol, which holds more than 70,000 refugees, more than 25% of whom are relatives of killed or captured IS fighters. Riots have rocked al-Hol in recent days, and visitors say that some areas are too dangerous to enter.
US analysts said that the Turkish air attacks were broader and deeper than many had initially expected, striking targets farther east and south than the objectives Turkey had indicated to US officials. Kurdish civilians were said to be fleeing Kobani after heavy shelling there, and shelling was also reported in the eastern city of Qamishli.
Here’s the appalling scenario that US officials fear could unfold if the Turkish invasion isn’t a quick, limited operation, as Trump apparently hopes: As security collapses in northeastern Syria, hardened IS fighters could escape the prisons, storm the al-Hol camp to reunite with their families and then renew the terrorist assault against the West that they began in 2014.
A revived IS would pose a threat to the US homeland — but probably a greater one to Europe, Russia and regions where the “foreign fighters” originated. Though these places are all threatened by what’s ahead, none has taken significant steps to ease the impending crisis.
This frightening risk of “snatching defeat from the jaws of victory” against the IS is a result of the Trump administration’s chronic policy breakdown. This begins with Trump himself, whose erratic swings on Syria have appalled some of his closest political allies. But it extends to an interagency process so enfeebled under Trump that it has failed for months to generate clear plans for dealing with a possible IS resurgence if US troops should leave, as Trump demanded in December.
European nations have been nearly as guilty as the Trump administration. As I explained in May, they have refused US and Kurdish pleas to repatriate some of their nationals held in the SDF-controlled prisons, or even to pay the SDF for holding them. “The European Union is in denial,” one official told me then, noting that the refugee issue was so toxic politically that no European government dared touch it.
How large is the IS army-in-waiting, if the prisoners escape the camps? Gen. Mazloum Abdi, the SDF commander, gave me some numbers in an interview in Kobani in July. He said that the SDF was guarding 12,000 IS fighters who were captured when the caliphate was defeated. In addition to about 9,000 Syrian and Iraqi radical extremists, this group included 2,500 foreign fighters, Mazloum said, with about 1,000 Europeans. US estimates are slightly lower, counting about 2,200 foreign fighters among 11,000 prisoners.
The United States has identified 50 of the most dangerous detainees and may seek to transfer them to neighbouring countries, perhaps Iraq. Trump has also requested that the United States take control of two notorious prisoners, Alexanda Kotey and El Shafee Elsheikh, who are believed to have killed Western hostages.
For Trump, what’s unfolding now in Syria is largely a self-inflicted wound. It will be politically costly for him, but there’s a deeper problem. US successes in the Middle East are too rare and precious to be squandered. But that’s what appears to be happening now in this grotesque coda to the war against the IS.
—The Washington Post
David Ignatius is an American journalist and novelist. He is an associate editor and columnist for The Washington Post